Formally referred to as the Republic of Azerbaijan
FLAG OF Azerbaijan
Welcome to Azerbaijan! This is the Land of Fire and the Pearl of the Caucasus, a land where eastern colours combine magnificently with western progress. Azerbaijan is a country of unique nature, unmatched culture, centuries of history with its customs and traditions and fine cuisine; a place which will satisfy the expectations of the most sophisticated gastronomists, and finally, it is the country of Caucasian hospitality and friendliness.
Formally referred to as the Republic of Azerbaijan, this country is located in Eurasia’s Caucasus Region, flanking Eastern Europe and Western Asia. This is the reason why Azerbaijan is having an identity crisis. It is almost Europe but is also Asia, and this contradiction of sorts is what makes the country distinct from its neighbors.
In Azerbaijan, the ancient age of historical empires coexist with post-Soviet Union optimism. The center of the nation is its capital Baku. This is where the action is, so to speak. The petroleum-fueled wealth is on display 24/7 with black limousines and skyscrapers dominating the city. At its center, however, is a UNESCO historical site. A three-hour drive takes you to local villages teeming with green orchards with the Caucasus Mountains as their backdrop. Here, one will feel the striking contrast of laidback country life against Baku’s fast-paced city life. Cattle replace the limos and teahouse terraces edge out skyscrapers.
If you want to get the best experience from your Azerbaijan trip, it is advisable to go there anytime between April and June. At this time of the year, the skies are bright and the land is lush with flora. If you fail to book within the period, try October, especially if you are all for exploring Baku and not so keen on getting a taste of the countryside. There is not much to see there except brown earth.
When it comes to safety issues, it helps to know that Azerbaijan is a safe country for tourists. The locals are generally helpful but also inquisitive. Be prepared to answer a few personal questions.
Going on vacation with children is a very demanding affair, because little travellers can easily get bored travelling with parents and their friends. However, the capital of Azerbaijan is nourished by the ancient traditions of the nation, which honours family values above all. Therefore, special attention is paid here to those types of entertainments which will not only suit the tastes of solo travelers, but also those guests who have brought their families with them. Comfortable hotels, health resorts and recreation zones, where the grown-ups can relax and children can have plenty of fun, can be found in Baku, as well as its suburbs and in other cities, such as Qabala. However, those who wish to stay in the capital and remain at the centre of the action, can enjoy strolling in numerous green parks, supplied with all the popular attractions, playgrounds and facilities for children, or visit large shopping and recreation centres, each of them having a kiddies corner, where every child can feel like a fairytale hero, and every parent becomes a real magician!
Spending a summer vacation on the beach - an all-time classic favourite. Over recent years, Azerbaijan has become a popular tourist destination among foreigners, not least thanks to the Caspian Sea. The mild, warm climate gives Baku residents a chance to kick off the beach season in May and swim in the warm waves of the Caspian until well into September. It is not surprising that the coast of the Absheron peninsula attracts so many visitors. It’s not only the affordable prices and the good level of service, but also the healing and relaxing ambiance - the pure sea air, the therapeutic sanatoria on the shore and a rich, diverse natural environment. The official opening of the beach season is at the beginning of June though beaches can be visited year-round.
Azerbaijan is situated at the eastern side of the Transcaucasia (or South Caucasus) on the shores of the Caspian Sea. The population of Azerbaijan exceeds 9.8 million and the territory covers an area of 86 600 square kilometers. According to both of these figures, Azerbaijan is the largest country of the South Caucasus. The City of Baku is the capital and the country’s largest city. The National language here is Azerbaijani. However, Russian is also widely used and many younger residents also speak English. Azerbaijan shares borders with Iran (765 km), Turkey (15 km), Russia (390 km), Georgia (480 km) and Armenia (1007 km). The eastern shores of the country are washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea.
Historically a part of the Great Silk Road and situated at the crossroads of the geopolitical, economic and cultural interests of many nations and civilizations, Azerbaijan has, since ancient times, aroused the interests of great minds, scientists, travellers and historians. References to this amazing land, located on the western coast of the Caspian Sea and in the eastern part of the South Caucasus, can be found in the ancient writings of Herodotus, Strabo, and Claudius Ptolemy. Azerbaijan has an amazing historical and cultural heritage with more than 7500 natural, archeological, architectural, and historical monuments. Cave drawings at Gobustan, Momine-Khatun and Garabaghlar mausoleums, the Palace of Sheki Khans, the Maiden Tower, the castles of Absheron, medieval manuscripts decorated with magnificent miniature paintings, antique rugs, and works of literature, arts and sculpture – all of this is just a small part of the country’s rich and priceless heritage.
Azerbaijan is often referred to as the “Land of Fire”. It is known that the majority of those residing on this territory before the Common Era were fire worshippers. Since then, the country has preserved the ancient evidence of that era: cave paintings, statues of gods and ancient temples. Two of the most vivid examples of this heritage are the temple of fire-worshippers (“Ateshgah”) at Surakhani near Baku and “Yanardag”, translated as the “burning mountain”. According to legend, “Ateshgah” temple was built by Indian fire worshippers, who arrived here after learning about the eternally burning fire, emitted from the ground, and were so amazed by what they had seen, that they decided to build a temple on this very place. These lands were considered to be sacred for centuries and throughout history were worshipped by the followers of Zoroastrianism, Hinduism and Sikhism.
The fire rhetoric, passed from generation to generation, has been reflected in the many artistic works of Azerbaijani masters throughout the centuries, and has recently reached its culmination in the form of The “Flame Towers” complex. Constructed in Baku not long ago, the Flame Towers have, in very a short period of time, become a breathtaking architectural landmark of the capital city, embodying a tribute to our history, and representing contemporary Azerbaijan – a new, ambitious country, developing and progressive, but still loyal to its roots and origins.
Azerbaijan is the West in the East and the East in the West! Welcome!
The cultural life of Baku enchants both residents and guests of the city with its broad-ranging evening programmes, regardless of whether it is a business day or at the weekend. There are many museums and private exhibitions of popular artists, vintage theatres and amazing performances, art galleries and monuments to local and international artists, installed in Baku’s wonderful parks, where you can enjoy good times with your family or simply by yourself. Not to mention a multitude of other cultural entertainment options for literally any taste or age group. This section features the latest news for those who wish to get to know the soul of the capital of the Land of Fire.
Azerbaijan possesses a rich history
Azerbaijan possesses a rich history of statehood which extends over a period of approximately 5000 years. The first state organizations here first appeared at the end of fourth millennium and the beginning of the third millennium before our era.
Due to its advantageous geographical location and favorable climatic conditions, Azerbaijan has, from ancient times, attracted great interest from various empires and states. In the period from 3rd century to 7th century AD, Azerbaijan was occupied first by the Iranian Sassanid Empire, and then by the Arab Caliphate. Both empires relocated a large population of Iranian and Arab origin to the country. However, it was the Caliphate and Islam, which they practised, that played one of the key roles in the history of the formation of the peoples and the state of Azerbaijan. It was with the adoption of the Islamic religion that the history of Azerbaijan began to undergo radical change. Islam gave a strong impulse to the formation of a unified nation, language, customs, etc.
The adoption of Islam also played an important role in political development, and the states of of Sajids, Shirvanshahs, Salaries, Ravvadids and Shaddadis were established on the lands of Azerbaijan. The renaissance era had started and, by becoming a part of its cultural heritage, each of these states left an important marker on the nation’s history.
Towards the end of XV century and beginning of XVI century, the statehood of Azerbaijan entered into a completely new phase in its history. The distinguished statesman, Shah Ismail Khatai united all the southern and northern territories of Azerbaijan under his own power. Thus, the Safavids State, the first united and centralized Azerbaijani state came into existence with Tabriz as its capital and later becoming one of the most powerful empires in the Middle and Near East. This state covered the territories of modern Azerbaijan, Iran, Armenia, Georgia, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Iraq, eastern Turkey, Kuwait, Bahrain, as well as part of Pakistan, the south of Uzbekistan, the eastern part of Syria and the southern part of Russia (Derbent).
The great military commander and warrior, Nadir Shah, who came to power after the downfall of the Sefevids State, further expanded the boundaries of the former Sefevid Empire. In the year 1739, this grand ruler of Azerbaijan conquered Delhi and went on to take control of the Northern regions of India. However, after the death of Nadir Shah, his empire fell and during the second half of XVIII century, Azerbaijan was divided into several different smaller states – khanates and sultanates.
At the end of XVIII century, the Azerbaijani dynasty of Qajars came to power in Iran. They started pursuing a policy of bringing together, under one central authority, all the territories once ruled by Nadir Shah, including the Azerbaijani khanates. Thus, a long era of wars started between the Qajars and Russia, which itself was striving to occupy the Southern Caucasus. As a result, on the basis of the Gulustan (1813) and Turkmenchay (1828) agreements, Azerbaijan was divided between the two empires: Northern Azerbaijan was annexed to Russia and Southern Azerbaijan was annexed to Iran.
The declaration of the creation of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) on 28th of May 1918 marked an important historical event in the life of the Azerbaijani nation. Even today, this date is still commemorated in Azerbaijan as Republic Day. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, being the first parliamentary democracy in the East, has left a rich and significant impact on the history of Azerbaijani statehood, due to its extensive experience in building an independent state, its adoption of progressive laws and decisions made throughout the period of its rather short life. Unfortunately, the ADR was in existence for only 23 months. As a result of military intervention by the XI Red Army, the Republic fell. After that, this territory became part of the USSR, the Soviet Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan.
On 30th of August 1991, Azerbaijan declared its independence. This was the starting point of the contemporary history as a strong and independent Azerbaijan. Heydar Aliyev came to power and despite a difficult geopolitical situation, the Nagorno Karabakh conflict with Armenia and numerous problems inside the country, Aliyev managed to centralize power and lay the foundations for the building of a new and independent Azerbaijan. Thanks to his strategy and smart forward-looking policies, which continue to this day, Azerbaijan has become a regional leader and strong, prosperous nation with deep-rooted statehood.
The head of the modern Azerbaijani state is President Ilham Aliyev, who successfully continues on the course set by the National Leader Heydar Aliyev.
Nightlife
Baku is a city of contrasts, bright colours, fire and winds… This is the city where unhurried clerks and restless night clubbers come together. At night, the windy capital turns into a kaleidoscope of dynamically changing scenes, with the ability to attract anyone into the whirlpool of evening entertainment. Here, on the shores of the Caspian Sea, you can find one of the biggest night clubs in the region, and stars from all around the world who flock here to perform on the stage of the “Crystal Hall”, a venue equipped with the state-of-the-art concert technology. Tourists from all over the world visit Azerbaijan to take part in such international events as the Eurovision Song Contest, the European Games, Formula 1 races and much, much more. The colourful streets of the capital light up with the welcoming signage of Baku’s numerous restaurants, cafes, pubs, wine-bars and other venues, inviting you to join in the party or enjoy a delightful gastronomic evening.
Winter Activities
While planning trip to Azerbaijan, everyone considers travelling only summertime. In winter Azerbaijan offers highlights from national parks to skiing, or variety of activities in Baku with mild climate. When visiting Azerbaijan over the winter period, Shahdag or Tufandag should be put in the holiday itinerary. Many people are enjoying their Christmas holidays this time of year, others are seeking relaxation and relishing traditional cuisine.
The nature of Azerbaijan
The nature of Azerbaijan – partly wild and deserted and partly covered with the remains of ancient forests, is a never-ending marvel for any traveller. The flora of Azerbaijan is exceptionally rich. It brings to mind a large national carpet, thanks to its brightness and the variety of rich colours. The terrain of Azerbaijan is densely carved by many rivers and mountain streams, some of which form noisy waterfalls, echoing deep into the mountains.
Shopping
Every day, more and more large shopping centres and branches of the many well-known global brands are being opened in Baku. However, special attention should be paid to local clothing, jewellery and souvenirs and the exquisite handicrafts of local craftsmen, who are able to create unique one-of-a-kind pieces of art. Various showrooms, workshops and boutiques will demonstrate the beauty of the Azerbaijani spirit, which inspires artists, designers and other master craftsmen.Spending a summer vacation on the beach
Spending a summer vacation on the beach - an all-time classic favourite. Over recent years, Azerbaijan has become a popular tourist destination among foreigners, not least thanks to the Caspian Sea. The mild, warm climate gives Baku residents a chance to kick off the beach season in May and swim in the warm waves of the Caspian until well into September. It is not surprising that the coast of the Absheron peninsula attracts so many visitors. It’s not only the affordable prices and the good level of service, but also the healing and relaxing ambiance - the pure sea air, the therapeutic sanatoria on the shore and a rich, diverse natural environment. The official opening of the beach season is at the beginning of June though beaches can be visited year-round.
Outdoor Activities
Azerbaijan is a country of ancient culture and history. In order to get to know and understand Azerbaijanis, you have to go back in time and understand their roots. Monuments of age-old architecture, mighty temples and magic mosques, ancient houses, build by architects from Azerbaijan and all over the world, cave paintings by the first humans on Earth, temples of ancient deities and many more, will amaze any guest and make him fall in love forever with the beautiful Land of Fire.
Azerbaijani cuisine
- BAKU - ABSHERON
The Caspian Sea coast is a popular tourist destination due to its unique mild climate. Here you can relax and unwind from the hectic pace of life all year round, as well as swim and sunbathe all the way from May to September. New modern hotels with well-kept private beaches for your comfort and pleasure have been built here during recent years.
The climate of the peninsula is mainly subtropical. That’s why the winter in Baku is always short and mild and summers long and hot. Despite the fact that Baku is located on the same latitude as Italy or Greece, rainfall is not that frequent and the average annual temperature is slightly higher.
Palace of the Shirvanshahs, Baku, Azerbaijan
Baku
The capital of Azerbaijan, where past and present are intricately intertwined, has always attracted tourists.
Of particular interest to guests of Baku is the Old City or Icheri Sheher (Inner City) with its fortress walls and Maiden Tower. These fascinating structures are in fact included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Of no less interest for visitors is the modern appearance of the capital. Among the new landmarks of Baku one can distinguish the magnificent Flame Towers building, Heydar Aliyev Center and the sports, leisure and entertainment complex, Crystal Hall.
Absheron
Washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea, Absheron is especially famous for its sandy beaches and numerous suburban settlements as well as the developed infrastructure of its hotels, water parks, cafés and restaurants.
The Absheron Peninsula has preserved a number of historical monuments: the “Ateshgah” fire temple (XVII-XVIII centuries), The 14th Century Nardaran Castle, the Round Castle (1232) and Quadrangular Castle (XII century) in Mardakan settlement, the 14thCentury castle in Ramana and others.
Khizi district
At a distance of 104 km from Baku, there is a mountainous region with a mild and dry climate known as Khizi, an area covered by over 90% forest. The main natural attraction of the area is the legendary mountain, Beshbarmag, named so because of its unusual shape.
One of the most beautiful parts of Azerbaijan – Altiagach Reserve, also called “Jannat Bagi” – “The Garden of Eden”, is located in Khizi district.
Gobustan (Reserve)
Sixty km south of Baku, in an area covering 537 hectares, there is the magnificent and fascinating Gobustan National Historical-Artistic Reserve. This is one of the world's largest ancient petroglyph complexes, boasting more than 4,000 petroglyphs on the site.
The Cultural Landscape of Gobustan petroglyph is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Gobustan district
Gobustan District is situated on the Baku-Shamakhi Highway, 90 kms from Baku. The administrative center of the district is the ancient city of Maraza. This area is rich with monuments of the ancient Shirvan. In the 8th-16th centuries, the state of Shirvanshahs with its capital in Shamakhi, was located on the territory of ancient Shirvan.
- BAKU - ABSHERON
The Caspian Sea coast is a popular tourist destination due to its unique mild climate. Here you can relax and unwind from the hectic pace of life all year round, as well as swim and sunbathe all the way from May to September. New modern hotels with well-kept private beaches for your comfort and pleasure have been built here during recent years.
The climate of the peninsula is mainly subtropical. That’s why the winter in Baku is always short and mild and summers long and hot. Despite the fact that Baku is located on the same latitude as Italy or Greece, rainfall is not that frequent and the average annual temperature is slightly higher.
|
| Palace of the Shirvanshahs, Baku, Azerbaijan |
Baku
The capital of Azerbaijan, where past and present are intricately intertwined, has always attracted tourists.
Of particular interest to guests of Baku is the Old City or Icheri Sheher (Inner City) with its fortress walls and Maiden Tower. These fascinating structures are in fact included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Of no less interest for visitors is the modern appearance of the capital. Among the new landmarks of Baku one can distinguish the magnificent Flame Towers building, Heydar Aliyev Center and the sports, leisure and entertainment complex, Crystal Hall.
Absheron
Washed by the waters of the Caspian Sea, Absheron is especially famous for its sandy beaches and numerous suburban settlements as well as the developed infrastructure of its hotels, water parks, cafés and restaurants.
The Absheron Peninsula has preserved a number of historical monuments: the “Ateshgah” fire temple (XVII-XVIII centuries), The 14th Century Nardaran Castle, the Round Castle (1232) and Quadrangular Castle (XII century) in Mardakan settlement, the 14thCentury castle in Ramana and others.
Khizi district
At a distance of 104 km from Baku, there is a mountainous region with a mild and dry climate known as Khizi, an area covered by over 90% forest. The main natural attraction of the area is the legendary mountain, Beshbarmag, named so because of its unusual shape.
One of the most beautiful parts of Azerbaijan – Altiagach Reserve, also called “Jannat Bagi” – “The Garden of Eden”, is located in Khizi district.
Gobustan (Reserve)
Sixty km south of Baku, in an area covering 537 hectares, there is the magnificent and fascinating Gobustan National Historical-Artistic Reserve. This is one of the world's largest ancient petroglyph complexes, boasting more than 4,000 petroglyphs on the site.
The Cultural Landscape of Gobustan petroglyph is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Gobustan district
Gobustan District is situated on the Baku-Shamakhi Highway, 90 kms from Baku. The administrative center of the district is the ancient city of Maraza. This area is rich with monuments of the ancient Shirvan. In the 8th-16th centuries, the state of Shirvanshahs with its capital in Shamakhi, was located on the territory of ancient Shirvan.
- NORTHERN REGION
The Guba-Khachmaz region is located in the north-east of Azerbaijan. Travelling to this region, you will have the opportunity to enjoy kicking back and relaxing in some of the most picturesque places of Azerbaijan. You can take a tour of the Chyrag-gala fortress, visit the high mountain village of Khinalig, the population of which represents a unique and separate ethnographic group, and if you are a winter sports enthusiast, visit the state-of-the-art ski resort near Shahdag mountain.
Guba
Due to its convenient and easily accessible location and comprehensive infrastructure, the Guba region is one of Azerbaijan’s favorite tourist destinations. Visitors have long chosen Gechresh as a place to relax in the shady woods, Tangaalti Gorge where the river carries the Velvelichai’s stormy waters and the famous Afurdzhi waterfall, listed in the Monuments of Azerbaijani Nature List.
The district has a unique mountain village known as Khinalig, located at an altitude of 2100-2200 meters above sea level. The population of the village is a separate ethnographic group, with its own language, customs and culture. A unique place and well worth a visit.
Guba is famous for its apples which have long become its symbol. There are more than 40 different varieties of apples grown here.
Gusar
Gusar is often called the “Northern Gates” of Azerbaijan – and with good reason – as it borders with the Republic of Dagestan in the Russian Federation.
Four out of the nine climatic zones existing in the Republic are present across the territory of Gusar district. The year-round Shahdag tourist complex has become a highlight in the district and is very popular. Functioning as an ultra-modern a ski resort in winter and a recreational resort in summer, it lies in the foothills of the stunning Caucasus Mountains.
Khachmaz
Khachmaz district is located in the north-west of the country and covers the greater part of the Samur–Davachi lowlands. In the north, the district borders with the Russian Federation.
Khachmaz district is famous for its coastal resort area – Nabran.
Khachmaz has a rich flora and fauna. There are good conditions for hunting and fishing in this area. Samur-Yalama National Park is also located here.
Khinalig
The village is located at an altitude of 2100-2200 meters above sea level. They say that this area is associated with Noah. According to legend, when Noah saw this tall and flat terrain, he dropped anchor and told everyone to leave the Ark. There are about 380 houses that are between 200-300 years old. Since the slopes here are very steep, the houses are built very close to each other. The roof of one house is the courtyard for the one located above.
The locals are one of the Albanian tribes and they speak a completely original language. Khinalig village is known not only for its ancient traditions, but also for the fact that Bigfoot has been seen there... Watch out!
- NORTH WEST REGION
The north-western tourist region of Azerbaijan is located on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus and covers the territory of Balakan, Gakh, Oguz, Zagatala, and Sheki administrative districts.
The picturesque nature of the North-West region has turned it into an important holiday region and attracts tourists from all over. An international tourist route to Georgia passes through this territory (Baku-Shemakha-Sheki-Belokan-Zakatala-Tbilisi).
Gabala
This is a beautiful part of Azerbaijan with a rich and ancient history. Back in the days, this city (Kabbalah) was the capital of Caucasian Albania (an ancient state that used to exist on the territory of modern Azerbaijan) for 600 years. Up to the present time you can still see the ruins of the ancient city and the main gate of Caucasian Albania. There are a great number of historical and cultural monuments covering different eras in this region.
Several 5 star hotels of the Azerbaijani hotel chain, Qafqaz, small family hotels, and several tourist camps are in operation in Gabala.
The largest amusement park in Azerbaijan – Gabaland is located in Gabala, covering an area of 16 hectares. It’s great fun for kids and adults alike.
The town also hosts an annual international music festival of classical music, jazz and Mugham, which is attended by bands, performers and artists from around the world.
Gakh
Gakh is a district on the border with Georgia. The climate in the south of the district is dry subtropical and temperate in mountains. There are plenty of mountain rivers and waterfalls in this district.
This region is rich in its nature. In the Iliisu National Park located here you can come across bears, mountain-goats, wolves, wild cats, boars, jackals and others wildlife. In this part of Azerbaijan, one can see a number of ancient Albanian temples – these were the first churches in the Caucasus and some of the first churches in the world.
Zagatala
Zagatala is a beautiful, green city with wide streets, where one-storey houses with tiled roofs are set alongside modern hotel buildings.
More than half of the territory is covered by mountains and forests and the administrative center –Zagatala city is located at 535 meters above sea level.
This district has a large number of historical and cultural monuments. There is an particularly interesting natural monument in this city – a tree of 800 years old.
Sheki
One of the most ancient cities of Azerbaijan, Sheki is rightly enjoys its reputation as the architectural reserve of the country. Of particular interest to tourists from all over the world is the Palace of Sheki Khans (1762) – a rare example of combining national and palace architectural traditions.
To the north of the city can be found the ruins of the once impregnable fortress "Gelersan – Gerarsan" (“Come and See“) dating back to the XV-XVIII centuries.
Sheki is also famous for its melt-in the-mouth baklava, piti (a stew with vegetables cooked in a clay pot), and the sense of humor of its people.
- WEST REGION
Ganjabasar - This part of the country is considered one of the most beautiful regions of Azerbaijan for its mountain lakes. Everything is beautiful here - mighty forests, snow-capped peaks, fast rivers, noisy waterfalls, healing mineral springs, crystal clear mountain air and its mottled subalpine and alpine meadows.
Ganja
Ganja, with a history of over 2500 years, is the second largest city in the country, a monument to its ancient culture, the industrial centre of western Azerbaijan and the home of the great Nizami. Ganja is surrounded by a multitude of forests, vineyards, lakes, rivers and mountains. The area is famous for many mineral springs and the unique medicinal oil – naphthalan, extracted 48 km from Ganja, in the city of Naftalan.
In the neighboring area of Goygol, there is the Goygol Nature Reserve which is the primary reserve in Azerbaijan.
Naftalan
Naftalan city is a well-known petroleum spa resort, the center of medical tourism in Azerbaijan and is located 330 km west of Baku and 50 km from Ganja, the second largest city in the country.
The unique Naftalan oil has no equivalent anywhere in the world. The curative properties of the oil are particularly helpful in the treatment of musculoskeletal system diseases, as well as neurological, urological, gynecological, skin and other ailments.
Among the popular venues in the area are the Medical-Prophylactic Center Chinar Hotel & Spa, “Naftalan” Health Centre and the “Gashalty” Sanatorium.
Tovuz
Tovuz district is located in the western part of Azerbaijan on the border with Georgia and Armenia.
According to ancient Turkish written sources, the name of the city originates from the merging of the names of two kindred Turkish tribes – the Oguz and the Toguz. This merger took place exactly here, which is how it came by its name.
There are many forests on the mountain slopes, rich in flora and fauna as well as places where springs come to the surface.
Goygol
Goygol district, located in the western part of Azerbaijan, is one of the most picturesque regions of the country. The State Goygol Reserve established in 1925, is located on the banks of the famous Goygol Lake at an altitude of 1600 meters above sea level. Lake Goygol is the cleanest among the mountain water reservoirs of the Caucasus.
The centre of the district was formerly called Elenendorf. The settlement was founded by German colonists in August, 1819 on the site of an ancient village, Hanlyglar, that later grew into Hanlar city. Now Goygol district is a symbol of the close friendship between the Azerbaijan and German nations. A lot of work has been done here to preserve the German heritage.
Shamkir
A favorable climate, rich cultural and historical heritage, and a well developed infrastructure are the important factors which continue to attract tourists to Shamkir.
According to the most modest calculations, the city’s existence began in the 5th century, and the period between the 9th-11th centuries is considered to be its flourishing time. In 1235, Shamkir, along with Ganja, was occupied and destroyed by the Mongols. Later a new city was built in this area, and the old one abandoned. Nowadays full-scale excavations are being carried out in old Shamkir, the ancient, medieval settlement sitting on left bank of the Shamkirchay River.
Travellers’ special interest is evident in the so called “German pages” of Shamkir’s history. Back in 1819, immigrants from the Wurttemberg area, escaping from the ravages of the Napoleonic wars, came to Azerbaijan and first established two colonies here – Elenendorf and Annendorf (now Goygol and Shamkir cities). Later on, four more colonies came into being in the area. Since then, there still remains much historical evidence of German “footprints” in Shamkir, among which are whole streets with German-style houses, a beautiful Lutheran Church, parks, a winery etc.
- KARABAKH AND ADJACENT TERRITORIES
Due to the Armenian occupation of Nagorno-Karabakh and surrounding areas, visit Nagorno Karabakh temporarily impossible. Persons visiting Karabakh through Armenia automatically become persona non grata in Azerbaijan and may be subject to deportation in case of arrival in our country, as the perpetrators of illegal entry into recognized territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Khudaferin Bridge was built in 1027 by Fazl son of Muhammad, the ruler of Shaddads (Fazl ibn Muhammad) on the river Araz. In the unique architectural monument, the bridge has traces of Azerbaijani architecture school. During the march of Agha Mohammed Shah Gajar to Azerbaijan although its part was destroyed but later was restored. Part of bridge built on natural rocks preserved till our dates. There is another bridge not far away from this bridge, which is also called as Khudaferin. The second bridge consisted of 11 sections and was built in XIII century during the Elkhanies. At present, only 3 spans of bridge are intact. Both bridges are located on the Silk Road – it was of great importance in development of economic and cultural relations of Azerbaijan with countries starting from India to the Near and Middle East countries, Russia.
- SOUTH REGION
The Lankaran-Astara region is located in the south of Azerbaijan and is known as a subtropical region with exceptionally picturesque nature and rich in plant and animal life. The Girkan National Park and the Gizilagach Reserve are located in this region.
Lankaran
Lankaran is located in the south-eastern part of Azerbaijan on the Caspian Sea. This is one of the brightest and most beautiful cities in the country. Exquisite architecture, a wonderful climate and beautiful natural landscapes are the hallmarks of this city.
A percentage of the population of the district is ethnic Talish, who have to this day preserved their ancient traditions and customs.
The subtropical climate of Lankaran region is ideal for the growing of citrus fruits, rice, grapes and tobacco. Great attention is given to the production of Lankaran tea.
Hirkan National Park (the habitat of the Asiatic leopard) and Gizilagaj Reserve are partially located on the territory of Lenkoran and are of considerable interest for eco-tourism enthusiasts.
There are plenty of historical attractions in Lankaran and among them the most attractive is Lankaran Fortress, or to be more exact, the fragments of it which still remain.
Lerik
Lerik ideally suits those tourists who want to get away from the hubbub of civilization, to breathe in fresh mountain air and enjoy an unparalleled view of majestic mountains, rapid rivers and noisy waterfalls. Lerik is quite rightly known as the home of longevity.
Popular natural recreational zones in Lerik are Byulyudyul (20 km from the centre of the district) and Zyarigala (17 km). There are springs with delicious water there. The woods and along the banks of Lerik River, are ideal locations for the hunting wild boar, hare, foxes, grouse and duck. Leopards are known to live in the more inaccessible parts of the mountain forests.
Masalli
Masalli region, located in the south of Azerbaijan, 270 km away from the capital city is known for its subtropical climate, azure beaches on the coast of the Caspian Sea and the abundance of hot springs, the most famous of which is Istisu.
The thermal, mineral spring, Istisu (literally "hot water") has long been a place of pilgrimage for people suffering from rheumatism and other musculoskeletal and skin diseases.
Astara
One part of the territory is home to the Talysh Mountains, and the other part is flat plain. Astara city is surrounded by rice paddies. High in the mountains, the Astarachay and Tengerud Rivers originate and flow into the Caspian Sea.
More than 37,000 hectares of the area are covered by forest and ancient woodland. Hirkan National Park is located in the Astara region where, along with Lankaran, is an area where the population of the Asiatic leopard is preserved.
- CENTRAL REGION
The total area of the region is 21.43 thousand square kilometers, which is 24.7% of the total territory of the country. Most of the region is made up of plains sitting below sea level. The climate here is mostly subtropical.
From the point of view of tourism, Mingachevir is the most attractive city in this region. Mingachevir’s modern architecture is of great interest. Kura, the largest river of Azerbaijan, flows here.
Mingachevir
Founded in 1945 and the fourth largest city in Azerbaijan, Mingachevir lies on the banks of the Kura River. The Kura hydroelectric power station, the largest one in Azerbaijan, is also located here. The Mingachevir Reservoir formed by the dam and called a ‘sea’ by locals, is the largest artificial reservoir in the country.
Today, Mingachevir attracts a lot of local and foreign tourists. The entire tourist infrastructure is concentrated on the banks of the Kura where you can also find the “KUR”, Olympic Rowing Centre.
Neftchala
The modern name of this city is linked to rich oil and gas pools. The fauna of the district is rich and varied and a section of the Shirvan National park is located on the territory of Neftchala.
This district is also famous for the fish of the Kura. Kurkosa Island is a perfect place for fishing.
At a distance of 10 km from the centre, at the mouth of the river where the Kura flows into the Caspian Sea, you can watch a surprising show: the Kura waters remain separated from sea water and what appears to be a thin ‘line’ prevents the two waters from mixing.
Salyan
Salyan city (called the “Gateway to the South”) is located at a distance of 126 km from the capital.
Geychay
This region is noted for its wonderful climate and abundance of historic sites, but mainly it is famous for its pomegranates.
Pomegranates have historically been cultivated in almost all regions of the country, but the acknowledged centre of the best varieties of pomegranate is the Shirvan region which is situated in the dry, subtropical zone of Geychay. Geychay pomegranates are famous worldwide and have become the symbol of "real Azerbaijani pomegranates". It’s not surprising that the technology for the preparation of the well-known Azerbaijani sauce "narsharab" being a sort of pomegranate jam, was invented by the locals. This popular sweet and sour sauce harmonizes perfectly with fish and meat dishes.
Shirvan
Every facility for active recreation is on hand in this region: from hiking to climbing frozen waterfalls and extreme ascents of the mountains. An unforgettable experience is guaranteed by excursions through the mountains and valleys of Shirvan with its murmuring streams and granite blocks of the most diverse and unusual shapes, scattered everywhere, like giant toys.
Ismailli
The Ismayilli region, located to the north of the country, was part of Caucasian Albania from IV c. B.C. Here, on the top of the highest mountain, there are the ruins of a medieval fortress. Its construction is attributed to Dzhavanshir, the 7th century ruler of Caucasian Albania.
The most famous and important historical monument of this area is the Maiden Tower (VII-XII centuries) – a defensive structure located on the top of the steep mountain near the village of Khanagah.
Besides the Azeries, other nations and ethnic groups also live here. For example in the well known Azerbaijani village of Ivanovka, live the Molokan descendants of those resettled here from Russia. And in the village of Lahij located on the banks of the Girdimanchay River at 1200 meters above sea level, live ethnic Tats.
Lahij copper art as well as the art of producing kyalagai, are both included in the UNESCO Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Shemakha
Shemakha is an ancient city of Azerbaijan, the capital of the Kingdom of Shirvan, residence of Shirvanshahs and one of the most beautiful cities of the East. The homeland of Khagani, Nasimi and M. A. Sabir, it was, from the middle of XVIII century, the centre of Shemakhan Khanate.
The unique nature, mild climate and natural mineral springs give this district a special beauty. One of the favourite peaks for mountain climbers, Badabag, is located here.
The most favorite place of pilgrimage for tourists is the settlement of Pirkuli which is located 22 km from the centre of the district at an altitude of 1400 m. Possibilities exist here for skiing in winter and summer riding.
The largest astrophysical observatory in Azerbaijan and in the Caucasus is also found high in the village of Pirkuli. The Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory is equipped with the most modern facilities and houses one of the largest telescopes in the CIS with a mirror of 2 meters in diameter.
Lahij
The Alpine settlement of Lahij located in the Ismayilli region of Azerbaijan is an original monument of antique urban and architectural art. It is believed that the legendary Manomakh’s cap, worn by Russian tsars for many centuries, was made here. Lahij became especially famous for the manufacturing of knives and copper utensils, decorated with engraved designs.
- NAKHCHIVAN AR
Traveling along the line of mountains in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, we admire the magnificent beauty of nature, monuments of antiquity and stop by the villages nesting in the valleys. The cities of this region stand out for their historical and artistic values, cozy corners, squares and inimitable hospitality.
Nakhchivan City
The capital of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Nakhchivan City is 536 km from Baku, near the border with Iran and close to the Nakhchivan River. It is one of the most ancient cities of Azerbaijan, and folk legend says the city takes its beginning from the time of Noah and that Noah himself laid the foundations of the city after the Great Flood. Noah’s Mausoleum is preserved in the southern part of the city.
The Mausoleum of Yusuf ibn Kuseyr (1162), the Alinja-Gala Fortress (11th-13th centuries), the majestic Khan Palace (18th century) and other historical sites are a small part of the historical heritage of this ancient region.
Nakhchivan is also a centre for health tourism, thanks to the salt caves of the Duzdag Mountain and various mineral springs located here.
Ordubad
Ordubad city is the second city of importance in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. It is located at the foothills of the Zangezur range, on the banks of the Ordubadchay River and on the slopes of the canyon of the same name.
Ordubad is a small town – its population slightly over 10 thousand. But the town gains most fame from the rock paintings on Gemigaya Mountain located 60 km to the south of Ordubad. This place stands second after Gobustan for its concentration of petroglyphs in Azerbaijan.
Sharur
This district is located in the west of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and has a border with both Armenia and Iran.
Despite the fact the city itself is young, this land is an area of ancient settlements. Excavations undertaken in Arpachay and the valleys of the Araz River have discovered remains of Bronze Age settlements. The name of Sharur is mentioned as a name of one of clans in “Kitabi Dede Gorgud”.
Located on the top of mountains and thought to be from the Bronze Age and the beginning of Iron Age, “Gizgalasi” and “Oglangalasi” are the main archeological monuments of the region.
Shahbuz
Shakhbuz district is located in the north of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Shakhbuz city is the administrative centre of the district. Ancient sites have been found close to Shakhbuz. Unusual residential places consisting of 4 rooms and a balcony had been cut out of the wall.
At an altitude of 1400 meters visitors can enjoy a picturesque natural recreation area, “Badamli” - a plant for the bottling of Badamli mineral water is also located here.
At the source of the Nakhchivanchay River at an altitude of 2500 meters above sea level, in the mountains of Shakhbuz district, there is the picturesque Lake Batabat, noted for its floating peat island.
Kengerli
This youngest district in the body of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic was established in 2004. It got its name from the Turkish Albanian Kengerli people. In the north the district borders with Armenia and in the south with Iran. The climate here is sharply continental –very hot in summer and very cold in winter.
Garabaglar village (“the Great Gardens”) is located on a picturesque slope of the Lesser Caucasus.
Garabaglar was one of the ancient centres of culture in Nakhchivan. Water pipes were constructed to deliver water from mountain rivers to the city. The preserved complex Garabaglar is a typical example of the Nakhchivan architectural school.
- SHIRVAN
All the conditions for active recreation are created in this region: from hiking to extreme ascents to the mountains and climbing through frozen waterfalls. An unforgettable experience is guaranteed by excursions through the mountains and valleys of Shirvan with murmuring streams and granite blocks of the most diverse and unusual shapescattered everywhere, like giant toys.
Ismailli
The Ismayilli region, located to the north of the country, was part of Caucasian Albania since IV c. B.C. Here, on the top of the highest mountain there are ruins of a medieval fortress. Its creation is associated with the name Dzhavanshir, the ruler of Caucasian Albania (VII century).
The most famous and important historical monument of this area is the Maiden Tower (VII-XII centuries) – a defensive structure located on the top of the steep mountain near the village Khanagah.
Besides the Azeries here also live other nations and ethnic groups. For example in the well known in Azerbaijan Ivanovka village live Molokan descendants resettled here from Russia. And in the village of Lahij located on the bank of Girdimanchay at 1200 meters above sea level live Tats.
«Lahijcopperart»,aswellastheartofproducingkyalagaiisincludedinthe UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage .
Shemakha
Shemakha is an ancient city of Azerbaijan, capital of the kingdom of Shirvan residence of Shirvanshahs and one of the most beautiful cities of the East, a homeland of Khagani, Nasimi, M. A. Sabir. From the middle of XVIII century it was the centre of Shemakhan Khanate.
The unique nature, mild climate and mineral springs provide this district with special beauty. One of the favorite by mountain climbers peaks, Badabag, is located here.
The most favorite place of pilgrimage for tourists is the settlement Pirkuli which is located at the distance of 22 km from the centre of the district at an altitude of 1400 m. There are all conditions for skiing in winter and summer riding.
The biggest astrophysical observatory in Azerbaijan and in Caucasus is also in the village Pirkuli. Obseratory named by NasreddinTusi is equipped with modern facilities and with one of the largest in the CIS telescope with a mirror of 2 m by diameter.
Lahij
The Alpine settlement Lahij located in Ismayilli region of Azerbaijan is an original monument of antique urban and architectural art. It is believed that the legendary Manomakh’s cap, worn by Russian tsars for many centuries, was made here. Lahij became especially famous for manufacturing knives and copper utensils, decorated with engraved designs.
মন্তব্যসমূহ
একটি মন্তব্য পোস্ট করুন